COURSE: - M.A ENGLISH
SEMESTER: - 1
BATCH: - 2015-2017
ENROLMENT NO: - PG15101022
SUBMITTED TO: - SMT.S.B.GARDI
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH MKBU
EMAIL ID: - vaidehi09hariyani@gmail.com
PAPER NO: - 4
INDIAN WRITING
IN ENGLISH {PRE-INDEPENDENCE}
TOPIC: - RAJA RAM MOHAN ROY AND HIS
CONTRIBUTION IN INDIA
RAJA RAM MOHAN ROY AND HIS CONTRIBUTION
INTRODUCTION:-
Raja Ram
Mohan Roy is an extraordinary demonstrable figure who put excellent actions to
change India and set out change the general public and attempted to inspire the
status of ladies in India. Roy battled against Sati system. He was moreover an
incredible researcher who translated numerous books, religious and
philosophical work and sacred texts into Bengali furthermore made an
interpretation of Vedic sacred writings into English.
Raja Ram
Mohan Roy was an Indian socio-instructive reformer who was otherwise called
'Creator of Cutting edge India' and 'Father of Current India' and 'Father of
the Bengal Renaissance.'
EARLY
LIFE:-
Raja Ram
Mohan Roy was conceived on May 22, 1772 around the local area Radhanagar in the
Region of Hooghly in Bengal. His father Ramkanto Roy was a Vaishnavite, while
his mother, Tarini, was from a Shakta establishment. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was
sent to Patna for higher studies. By the age of fifteen, Raja Ram Mohan Roy had
learnt Bangla, Persian, Arabic and Sanskrit.
Raja Ram
Mohan Roy was against picture love and standard Hindu services. He stood
solidly against all sort of social enthusiasm, devotion and superstitions.
Regardless, his father was a standard Hindu Brahmin. This incited differences
between Raja Ram Mohan Roy and his father. Taking after differences he went
away. He roamed around Himalayas and went to Tibet. He voyaged for the most
part before returning home.
After his
entry Raja Ram Mohan Roy's family hitched him with the desire that he would
change. In any case, this did not have any effect on him. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
went to Varanasi and considered the Vedas, the Upanishads and Hindu thinking
significantly. Right when his father kicked the pail in 1803 he returned to
Murshidabad. He then filled in as a moneylender in Calcutta, and from 1809 to
1814, he served in the Wage Branch of the East India Association.
The
commitment of Raja Ram Mohan Roy was multi-dimensional. He was an energetic
supporter of instructive changes which underscored western social and physical
sciences with English dialect as the medium of guideline. In social matters he
denounced the rank's rigidities framework.
In political
issues he was a pioneer of news-casting, uncompromising votary of opportunity
of press furthermore the initiator of open disturbance on political inquiries
for the nation. He was a firm believer to internationalism. The motivating
scholarly interest and affectability of Raja Ram Mohan Roy brought about the
arrangement of Atmiya Sabha in 1815, which got to be Brahmo Samaj under the
leadership of Dwarakanath Tagore.
HIS
VISIONS AND FAITH:-
"Raja Ram
Mohan Roy was the envoy of new age", "morning star of Indian
Renaissance". Every one of these designations establish the unique spot
involved by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in the Indian social history as he stands in the
bleeding edge of track towards improving the Hindu society.
In spite of
the fact that Ram Mohan Roy was a man of adaptable genius, the administering
energy of his life was religious change. During a period when the Bengal youth,
under the influence of Western learning, was floating towards Christianity, Ram
Mohan Roy ended up being the champion of Hinduism.
He likewise
tried to cleanse Hinduism of the misuse that had crawled into it. At 15 years
old he examined heathen worship and upheld his perspective by quotations from
the Vedas. He reinterpreted Hindu teachings and discovered adequate
otherworldly premise for his humanity in the Upanishads. He began a battle for
the abolition of Sati, criticized polygamy, criticized casteism, and pushed the
privilege of Hindu widows to remarry.
He dismisses
Christianity, precluded the godliness from securing Jesus Christ, and however
acknowledged the humanism of Europe. He tried to impact a social combination
between the East and the West. He is supposed as the forerunner of advanced
India and an awesome pathfinder of his times as he characterized the new soul
of question, hunger for learning, wide
humanity all
to be accomplished in the Indian setting.
HIS
CONTRIBUTION:-
His Bengali
week by week Sambad Kaumudi, set up in 1821, started to talk about political
matters other than religious and good issues. His Persian week by week
Mirat-ul-Akhbar talked about national and worldwide issues. He additionally motivated
the intellectual elite to restrict the imperious measures of English government
like the Jury Demonstration. In light of his exercises and scholarly commitment
to Indian culture, he was seen as a morning star of Indian renaissance. He also
established two English schools and advocated the Western education.
Ram Mohan
Roy never expected to build up another religion. He just needed to cleanse
Hinduism of the false practices that had crawled into it. From the earliest
starting point, the advance of the Brahmo Samaj stayed restricted to the
intellectuals and instructively edified Bengalis living in the towns. The
universal Hindus drove by Raja Radhakant Deb composed the Dharma Sabha with the
object of countering the publicity of the Brahmo Samaj.
BRAHMO SAMAJ:-
Brahmo Samaj
is the societal component of Brahmoism, a monotheistic reformist and
renaissance movement of Hindu religion. It is practised today mainly as the Adi
Dharm after its eclipse in Bengal consequent to the exit of the Tattwabodini Sabha
from its ranks in 1859. After the publication of Hemendranath Tagore's Brahmo
Anusthan (code of practice) in 1860 which formally divorced Brahmoism from
Hinduism, the first Brahmo Samaj was founded in 1861 at Lahore by Pandit Nobin
Chandra Roy.
It was one
of the most influential religious movements responsible for the making of
modern India.
It was started at Calcutta on 20 August 1828
by Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Debendranath Tagore as reformation of the prevailing
Brahmanism of the time (specifically Kulin practices) and began the Bengal
Renaissance of the 19th century pioneering all religious, social and
educational advance of the Hindu community in the 19th century. Its Trust Deed
was made in 1830 formalising its inception and it was duly and publicly
inaugurated in January 1830 by the consecration of the first house of prayer,
now known as the Adi Brahmo Samaj. From the Brahmo Samaj springs Brahmoism, the
most recent of legally recognised religions in India and Bangladesh, reflecting
its foundation on reformed spiritual Hinduism with vital elements of Judeo-Islamic
faith and practice.
Meaning of
name The Brahmo Samaj literally denotes community of men who worship Brahman
the highest reality. In reality Brahmo Samaj does not discriminate between caste,
creed or religion and is an assembly of all sorts and descriptions of people
without distinction, meeting publicly for the sober, orderly, religious and
devout adoration of "the unsearchable Eternal, Absolute Being who is the
Author and Protector of the Universe."
RAJA RAM
MOHAN ROY AND HINDU COLLEGE:-
Presidency
University, Kolkata, formerly Hindu College and Presidency College, is a
unitary, state aided university, located in Kolkata, West Bengal and one of the
premier institutes of learning of liberal arts and sciences in India. In 2002
it was ranked number one by the weekly news magazine India Today. In 2010, the
year the college was upgraded to university status, it was ranked 3rd in India.
It was
established in 1817, making it one of the oldest educational institutions in
India. It was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, and a number of other eminent
personalities of Bengal, such as Raja Radhakanta Deb, Maharaja Tejchandra Ray
of Burdwan, David Hare, Justice Sir Edward Hyde East, Prasanna Coomar Tagore
and Babu Buddinath Mukherjee.
DEATH:-
In November
1830 Ram Mohan Roy travelled to the United Kingdom as an ambassador of the
Mughal emperor to plead for his pension and allowances. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
passed away on September 27, 1833 at Stapleton near Bristol due to meningitis.
However, ten
days after arriving in Bristol he fell ill with meningitis, and died on 27
September 1833. He was initially buried in the grounds of Beech House, but ten
years later his friend Dwarakanath Tagore had him reinterred at Arno's Vale. A
chattri (funerary monument or mandir (shrine) was designed by William Prinsep
and built with sponsorship from Dwarakanath Tagore. In 1997 a statue of Raja Ram Mohan Roy was
built at Bristol.
CONCLUSION:-
For his unparalleled commitment he has been depicted as the father of Indian Patriotism.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the Father of Renaissance in Bengal as well as India.
His thinking and scientific knowledge take him ahead of that time. His reform
movement both in Social and Education system build a compact structure for
Modern Bengal and as well as Modern India. His place as the first builder of a
new India is beautifully described by Miss Sophia Colet in the following
words:-
"Ram
Mohan Roy stands in history as the living bridge over which India marches from
her unmeasured past to her incalculable future.
He was the
arch which spanned the gulf that yawned between ancient caste and modern,
humanity, between superstition and science, between despotism and democracy,
between immobile custom and a conservative progress, between polytheism and
theism.
He was the
mediator of his people harmonizing in his own person, often by means of his
solitary sufferings, the conflicting tendencies of imperial tradition and an
inevitable enlightenment".
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